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Mineral trioxide aggregate cements are known as MTA commercially. Some of the functional properties of MTA include hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and antibacterial effects. This compound generally is composed of Tricalcium Silicate Tricalcium Oxide, Tricalcium Aluminate, Silicon Oxide and some other oxides minerals. Combination of these properties has introduced MTA as an important dental material in the field of Endodontics. MTA cements have been used in pulpotomy, apexification (in this field dental root is stimulate to grow or it engenders dental root closure) and pulp covering. Dental root opening happens in teeth not grown fully or when the root is eroded as a result of process called reabsorb of tooth root so that is why that MTA is also extensively applicable in Pulpotomy in pediatric dentistry.

Further suitable parameters of MTA is that physically and chemically may be harden against blood and moisture and it has favorable marginal contrast and low absorption or solubility properties. When harden in presence of Calcium ion and tissue fluids, MTA forms a layer which is structurally similar to Hydroxyapatite. This dental product has a pH of 12.5 so it contains biological and histological properties similar to those of Hydroxyapatite. Its high pH induces the adsorption of growth factors which could also create dentin barrier. Overall, MTA has a low level of leakage and toxicity but favorable bacteriostatic effect. Histological investigations indicate that MTA may cause the formation of bony cement and precipitation with limited inflammation reaction.

MTA may be classified as restorative bioceramic with high capacity to be applied in restoration procedures. This product comes as a two-part package; a powder made of Calcium Silicate, Aluminium Silicate and Zirconium Dioxide and a solution part contains sterile water, Calcium Chloride and natural thickeners. Calcium ions released from MTA cement may engender the formation of dentine bridge that may play the role pulp covering, cause the biological restoration and treatment and induce reconstruction of cementum and dental root. This cement to be applied in a moisturized condition so with water absorption, it gelfies and then hardened.

MTA are applicable in following cases:

• Filling material for root end after Endodontic surgery.
• Filling material for direct pulp covering in Pulpotomy treatments.
• Covering material for roots pulp when performing Apexification treatments.
• Restoration material for Perforation resulted from pulp necrosis.

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